1、什么是膠合板?
膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)是一種(zhong)人造板(ban)(ban),是將原木沿年輪方向(xiang)旋(xuan)切成大張單板(ban)(ban),經干燥、涂(tu)膠(jiao)后按相(xiang)鄰單板(ban)(ban)層(ceng)木紋方向(xiang)相(xiang)互垂直的(de)原則(ze)組坯、膠(jiao)合(he)而成的(de)板(ban)(ban)材。單板(ban)(ban)層(ceng)數為(wei)奇數,一般為(wei)三(san)(san)層(ceng)至十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)層(ceng),常見(jian)的(de)有三(san)(san)合(he)板(ban)(ban)、五合(he)板(ban)(ban)、九(jiu)合(he)板(ban)(ban)、和(he)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(市場(chang)上俗(su)稱(cheng)為(wei)三(san)(san)厘(li)板(ban)(ban),五厘(li)板(ban)(ban),九(jiu)厘(li)板(ban)(ban),十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)厘(li)板(ban)(ban))。外層(ceng)的(de)正面單板(ban)(ban)稱(cheng)為(wei)面板(ban)(ban),反(fan)面的(de)稱(cheng)為(wei)背(bei)板(ban)(ban),內層(ceng)板(ban)(ban)稱(cheng)為(wei)芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)。
2、分類:
一類膠合板為(wei)耐氣候、耐沸水膠合板,由此及(ji)彼有耐久(jiu)、耐高溫,能蒸汽處理的優(you)點(dian);
二類膠(jiao)合板(ban)為耐水膠(jiao)合板(ban),能在冷水中浸(jin)漬(zi)和短時間(jian)熱水浸(jin)漬(zi);
三類膠合(he)(he)板(ban)為耐潮(chao)膠合(he)(he)板(ban),能在冷水中(zhong)短時(shi)間浸(jin)漬,適于室內常溫下使用(yong)(yong)。用(yong)(yong)于家具和(he)一般(ban)建(jian)筑用(yong)(yong)途;
四類合板(ban)為不(bu)耐潮膠合板(ban),在(zai)室內常態下使用,一般(ban)用途膠合板(ban)用材有櫸木、椴(duan)木、水曲(qu)柳、樺木、榆木、楊木等。
3、對稱原則:
對(dui)(dui)稱中心平(ping)面(mian)(mian)兩(liang)側的單(dan)(dan)板(ban),無論樹(shu)種,單(dan)(dan)板(ban)厚度、層數、制造(zao)方(fang)(fang)法、纖維(wei)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)和單(dan)(dan)板(ban)的含(han)水率都應(ying)(ying)該互相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying),即對(dui)(dui)稱原則。膠(jiao)合板(ban)中心平(ping)面(mian)(mian)兩(liang)側各對(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)層不(bu)(bu)(bu)同方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)的應(ying)(ying)力(li)大(da)小相(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)。因(yin)此,當膠(jiao)合板(ban)含(han)水率變化時,其結構穩(wen)定,不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生變形,開裂等(deng)缺陷(xian);反之,如果對(dui)(dui)稱中心平(ping)面(mian)(mian)兩(liang)側對(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)層有某些差異,將(jiang)會(hui)使(shi)對(dui)(dui)稱中心平(ping)面(mian)(mian)兩(liang)側單(dan)(dan)板(ban)的應(ying)(ying)力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)等(deng),使(shi)膠(jiao)合板(ban)產(chan)(chan)生變形、開裂。
4、奇數層原則:
由于(yu)膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)結構是相(xiang)鄰層(ceng)單板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)纖維方向互相(xiang)垂,又必須(xu)符合(he)對稱原則(ze),因此它的(de)總層(ceng)數(shu)必定是奇數(shu)。如:三層(ceng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、五層(ceng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、七層(ceng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)。奇數(shu)層(ceng)膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)彎(wan)曲時大的(de)水(shui)平剪(jian)應力作(zuo)用(yong)在中心單板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上,使其有(you)較大的(de)強度(du)(du)。偶數(shu)層(ceng)膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)彎(wan)曲時大的(de)水(shui)平剪(jian)應力作(zuo)用(yong)在膠(jiao)層(ceng)上而不是作(zuo)用(yong)在單板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上,易使膠(jiao)層(ceng)破壞,降低了膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)強度(du)(du)。