1、什么是膠合板?
膠(jiao)合(he)(he)板(ban)(ban)是(shi)一種人(ren)造板(ban)(ban),是(shi)將(jiang)原(yuan)木沿(yan)年輪(lun)方向旋切成大(da)張單(dan)板(ban)(ban),經干燥、涂膠(jiao)后按相鄰單(dan)板(ban)(ban)層(ceng)木紋方向相互垂直的原(yuan)則組坯、膠(jiao)合(he)(he)而成的板(ban)(ban)材。單(dan)板(ban)(ban)層(ceng)數(shu)為(wei)奇數(shu),一般為(wei)三(san)層(ceng)至十(shi)(shi)三(san)層(ceng),常見(jian)的有三(san)合(he)(he)板(ban)(ban)、五(wu)合(he)(he)板(ban)(ban)、九合(he)(he)板(ban)(ban)、和十(shi)(shi)三(san)合(he)(he)板(ban)(ban)(市場上(shang)俗稱(cheng)為(wei)三(san)厘(li)(li)板(ban)(ban),五(wu)厘(li)(li)板(ban)(ban),九厘(li)(li)板(ban)(ban),十(shi)(shi)三(san)厘(li)(li)板(ban)(ban))。外層(ceng)的正面(mian)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)稱(cheng)為(wei)面(mian)板(ban)(ban),反面(mian)的稱(cheng)為(wei)背板(ban)(ban),內(nei)層(ceng)板(ban)(ban)稱(cheng)為(wei)芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)。
2、分類:
一類膠(jiao)合板為耐氣候(hou)、耐沸(fei)水膠(jiao)合板,由此及彼有耐久、耐高溫,能蒸汽處(chu)理的優點;
二(er)類膠合(he)(he)板為耐水(shui)膠合(he)(he)板,能(neng)在冷水(shui)中浸(jin)漬和短時間熱水(shui)浸(jin)漬;
三類膠合板為耐潮膠合板,能在(zai)冷水中短時間浸漬(zi),適(shi)于室內常溫下使用。用于家具(ju)和一般建筑用途;
四類合(he)板為不耐潮(chao)膠合(he)板,在室內常態下使(shi)用(yong)(yong),一般用(yong)(yong)途(tu)膠合(he)板用(yong)(yong)材有櫸木(mu)(mu)、椴木(mu)(mu)、水曲柳、樺木(mu)(mu)、榆(yu)木(mu)(mu)、楊木(mu)(mu)等。
3、對稱原則:
對(dui)稱(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)平(ping)面兩(liang)側(ce)的單板(ban)(ban)(ban),無論樹(shu)種,單板(ban)(ban)(ban)厚度、層(ceng)數、制造方法、纖(xian)維方向和(he)單板(ban)(ban)(ban)的含(han)水(shui)率(lv)都(dou)應(ying)該互(hu)相(xiang)對(dui)應(ying),即對(dui)稱(cheng)原則。膠合板(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)平(ping)面兩(liang)側(ce)各對(dui)應(ying)層(ceng)不同方向的應(ying)力大小相(xiang)等。因此,當膠合板(ban)(ban)(ban)含(han)水(shui)率(lv)變化時,其結構穩定,不會(hui)產生變形(xing),開(kai)(kai)裂等缺陷;反之(zhi),如果對(dui)稱(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)平(ping)面兩(liang)側(ce)對(dui)應(ying)層(ceng)有(you)某些差異,將會(hui)使(shi)對(dui)稱(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)平(ping)面兩(liang)側(ce)單板(ban)(ban)(ban)的應(ying)力不相(xiang)等,使(shi)膠合板(ban)(ban)(ban)產生變形(xing)、開(kai)(kai)裂。
4、奇數層原則:
由(you)于膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)板(ban)的結構是(shi)(shi)相鄰(lin)層單板(ban)的纖維方向互相垂,又必(bi)須符合(he)(he)(he)對稱原則,因(yin)此它的總(zong)層數(shu)必(bi)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)奇數(shu)。如:三(san)層板(ban)、五(wu)層板(ban)、七層板(ban)等。奇數(shu)層膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)板(ban)彎曲時(shi)(shi)大(da)的水平(ping)剪(jian)應力(li)作用(yong)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)心單板(ban)上,使(shi)其有較大(da)的強度(du)。偶數(shu)層膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)板(ban)彎曲時(shi)(shi)大(da)的水平(ping)剪(jian)應力(li)作用(yong)在(zai)(zai)膠(jiao)(jiao)層上而不(bu)是(shi)(shi)作用(yong)在(zai)(zai)單板(ban)上,易使(shi)膠(jiao)(jiao)層破壞(huai),降低(di)了膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)板(ban)強度(du)。