1、什么是膠合板?
膠合板(ban)(ban)是一(yi)種人造板(ban)(ban),是將原木沿年輪方(fang)向旋切成大張單(dan)板(ban)(ban),經干燥、涂膠后(hou)按相(xiang)鄰單(dan)板(ban)(ban)層(ceng)木紋(wen)方(fang)向相(xiang)互垂(chui)直的(de)原則組坯、膠合而成的(de)板(ban)(ban)材。單(dan)板(ban)(ban)層(ceng)數(shu)為(wei)奇(qi)數(shu),一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)三(san)層(ceng)至十三(san)層(ceng),常見的(de)有(you)三(san)合板(ban)(ban)、五合板(ban)(ban)、九(jiu)合板(ban)(ban)、和十三(san)合板(ban)(ban)(市場上俗稱(cheng)為(wei)三(san)厘板(ban)(ban),五厘板(ban)(ban),九(jiu)厘板(ban)(ban),十三(san)厘板(ban)(ban))。外層(ceng)的(de)正面單(dan)板(ban)(ban)稱(cheng)為(wei)面板(ban)(ban),反面的(de)稱(cheng)為(wei)背板(ban)(ban),內層(ceng)板(ban)(ban)稱(cheng)為(wei)芯板(ban)(ban)。
2、分類:
一類膠(jiao)合板為耐氣候、耐沸水膠(jiao)合板,由此(ci)及彼有(you)耐久(jiu)、耐高溫,能蒸汽(qi)處理的優(you)點;
二類膠(jiao)合板為耐水(shui)(shui)膠(jiao)合板,能在冷水(shui)(shui)中浸漬和短時間熱(re)水(shui)(shui)浸漬;
三類膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)為耐(nai)潮膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban),能在冷水中(zhong)短時(shi)間浸漬,適于(yu)室(shi)內常溫下使用。用于(yu)家具和一般建筑用途;
四類(lei)合板(ban)為不耐潮膠合板(ban),在(zai)室內常態下使用,一般用途膠合板(ban)用材(cai)有櫸木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、椴木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、水(shui)曲柳、樺木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、榆木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、楊木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)等。
3、對稱原則:
對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)中心平面(mian)(mian)兩側的(de)單板(ban)(ban),無論樹種,單板(ban)(ban)厚度、層數、制(zhi)造方法、纖維方向和單板(ban)(ban)的(de)含(han)水率(lv)都應該互相對(dui)(dui)(dui)應,即對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)原則。膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)中心平面(mian)(mian)兩側各對(dui)(dui)(dui)應層不(bu)(bu)同(tong)方向的(de)應力大(da)小相等。因此,當膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)含(han)水率(lv)變化時,其結構穩定,不(bu)(bu)會產(chan)生變形(xing),開(kai)裂等缺(que)陷;反之,如(ru)果(guo)對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)中心平面(mian)(mian)兩側對(dui)(dui)(dui)應層有(you)某(mou)些差異,將(jiang)會使對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)中心平面(mian)(mian)兩側單板(ban)(ban)的(de)應力不(bu)(bu)相等,使膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)產(chan)生變形(xing)、開(kai)裂。
4、奇數層原則:
由于(yu)膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)的結構是(shi)相鄰層(ceng)單板(ban)的纖維方向互相垂(chui),又必(bi)須符(fu)合(he)對稱原則,因(yin)此(ci)它的總層(ceng)數必(bi)定(ding)是(shi)奇數。如(ru):三層(ceng)板(ban)、五(wu)層(ceng)板(ban)、七層(ceng)板(ban)等。奇數層(ceng)膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)彎(wan)曲時(shi)大的水平剪應(ying)力作用在(zai)中心單板(ban)上,使其有較大的強度。偶(ou)數層(ceng)膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)彎(wan)曲時(shi)大的水平剪應(ying)力作用在(zai)膠(jiao)層(ceng)上而不是(shi)作用在(zai)單板(ban)上,易使膠(jiao)層(ceng)破壞,降(jiang)低了膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)強度。