1、什么是膠合板?
膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是一(yi)種(zhong)人造板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),是將(jiang)原木沿年(nian)輪方向(xiang)(xiang)旋切成(cheng)大張單板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),經干燥、涂膠(jiao)后(hou)按相(xiang)鄰單板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)層木紋(wen)方向(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)互垂直(zhi)的原則組坯、膠(jiao)合(he)而成(cheng)的板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)。單板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)層數為奇數,一(yi)般為三(san)層至十三(san)層,常見的有三(san)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、五合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、九(jiu)(jiu)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、和十三(san)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(市(shi)場(chang)上俗稱(cheng)為三(san)厘(li)(li)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),五厘(li)(li)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),九(jiu)(jiu)厘(li)(li)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),十三(san)厘(li)(li)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban))。外層的正面單板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)稱(cheng)為面板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),反面的稱(cheng)為背板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),內(nei)層板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)稱(cheng)為芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。
2、分類:
一類膠合(he)板為耐氣候、耐沸水(shui)膠合(he)板,由此及彼有耐久、耐高溫,能蒸汽處理的優(you)點;
二(er)類膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)為(wei)耐水膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban),能在冷(leng)水中浸漬和(he)短時間熱(re)水浸漬;
三類膠合板為耐潮(chao)膠合板,能在冷水中(zhong)短時間浸(jin)漬,適于室內常溫下(xia)使用。用于家具和(he)一般建筑用途;
四類合板(ban)為(wei)不耐潮(chao)膠合板(ban),在室內常態下(xia)使用,一(yi)般用途膠合板(ban)用材有櫸木(mu)(mu)、椴(duan)木(mu)(mu)、水曲柳(liu)、樺木(mu)(mu)、榆木(mu)(mu)、楊木(mu)(mu)等。
3、對稱原則:
對稱(cheng)中心平(ping)面兩(liang)側的單(dan)板,無(wu)論(lun)樹(shu)種(zhong),單(dan)板厚(hou)度、層數(shu)、制造(zao)方法、纖維(wei)方向和單(dan)板的含(han)(han)水(shui)率都(dou)應(ying)(ying)該(gai)互相(xiang)對應(ying)(ying),即對稱(cheng)原(yuan)則。膠合板中心平(ping)面兩(liang)側各對應(ying)(ying)層不(bu)同(tong)方向的應(ying)(ying)力(li)大小相(xiang)等(deng)。因(yin)此(ci),當膠合板含(han)(han)水(shui)率變(bian)化時,其結構(gou)穩定,不(bu)會產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)形,開裂(lie)等(deng)缺陷;反之(zhi),如果對稱(cheng)中心平(ping)面兩(liang)側對應(ying)(ying)層有某些差異,將會使對稱(cheng)中心平(ping)面兩(liang)側單(dan)板的應(ying)(ying)力(li)不(bu)相(xiang)等(deng),使膠合板產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)形、開裂(lie)。
4、奇數層原則:
由于(yu)膠合(he)板(ban)的(de)結(jie)構是相鄰層(ceng)單(dan)板(ban)的(de)纖(xian)維方(fang)向(xiang)互相垂,又必(bi)須符合(he)對稱原則,因(yin)此它的(de)總(zong)層(ceng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)必(bi)定是奇數(shu)(shu)(shu)。如:三層(ceng)板(ban)、五(wu)層(ceng)板(ban)、七層(ceng)板(ban)等(deng)。奇數(shu)(shu)(shu)層(ceng)膠合(he)板(ban)彎曲時大的(de)水(shui)平剪應(ying)(ying)力作(zuo)用在中心單(dan)板(ban)上,使其(qi)有較大的(de)強度。偶數(shu)(shu)(shu)層(ceng)膠合(he)板(ban)彎曲時大的(de)水(shui)平剪應(ying)(ying)力作(zuo)用在膠層(ceng)上而不是作(zuo)用在單(dan)板(ban)上,易使膠層(ceng)破壞,降低(di)了膠合(he)板(ban)強度。