1、什么是膠合板?
膠合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)是一種人造板(ban)(ban)(ban),是將原木沿年(nian)輪(lun)方向旋(xuan)切(qie)成大張單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban),經干(gan)燥(zao)、涂膠后按(an)相鄰單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)層(ceng)木紋方向相互垂直的(de)原則組(zu)坯、膠合(he)而(er)成的(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)材。單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)層(ceng)數為奇數,一般為三(san)(san)層(ceng)至十三(san)(san)層(ceng),常見的(de)有三(san)(san)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、五合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、九合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、和(he)十三(san)(san)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(市場上俗(su)稱(cheng)(cheng)為三(san)(san)厘(li)板(ban)(ban)(ban),五厘(li)板(ban)(ban)(ban),九厘(li)板(ban)(ban)(ban),十三(san)(san)厘(li)板(ban)(ban)(ban))。外層(ceng)的(de)正面單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)稱(cheng)(cheng)為面板(ban)(ban)(ban),反(fan)面的(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)為背(bei)板(ban)(ban)(ban),內層(ceng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)稱(cheng)(cheng)為芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)。
2、分類:
一(yi)類(lei)膠合(he)板(ban)為(wei)耐(nai)氣候(hou)、耐(nai)沸(fei)水膠合(he)板(ban),由此及(ji)彼有耐(nai)久、耐(nai)高溫,能蒸汽處理的優(you)點;
二類(lei)膠合(he)板(ban)為耐水(shui)膠合(he)板(ban),能在冷水(shui)中浸漬(zi)和短(duan)時間熱水(shui)浸漬(zi);
三類膠合板為耐潮膠合板,能在冷水中短(duan)時間浸漬,適于室內常溫下使用。用于家具和一般(ban)建筑用途;
四類合板(ban)為(wei)不耐潮膠合板(ban),在室(shi)內常態(tai)下使用,一般用途膠合板(ban)用材有(you)櫸木、椴木、水曲柳(liu)、樺木、榆木、楊(yang)木等。
3、對稱原則:
對(dui)稱中心平(ping)面兩側(ce)的(de)單(dan)板(ban),無論樹種,單(dan)板(ban)厚度、層(ceng)數、制(zhi)造方法、纖維方向和單(dan)板(ban)的(de)含水率都應該互(hu)相(xiang)對(dui)應,即對(dui)稱原則。膠(jiao)合板(ban)中心平(ping)面兩側(ce)各(ge)對(dui)應層(ceng)不(bu)同方向的(de)應力大小相(xiang)等(deng)。因此,當(dang)膠(jiao)合板(ban)含水率變化時,其(qi)結構穩(wen)定,不(bu)會產(chan)生變形,開裂(lie)等(deng)缺陷;反(fan)之,如果對(dui)稱中心平(ping)面兩側(ce)對(dui)應層(ceng)有某些差異(yi),將(jiang)會使(shi)對(dui)稱中心平(ping)面兩側(ce)單(dan)板(ban)的(de)應力不(bu)相(xiang)等(deng),使(shi)膠(jiao)合板(ban)產(chan)生變形、開裂(lie)。
4、奇數層原則:
由(you)于膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的結構是相(xiang)鄰層(ceng)單板(ban)(ban)(ban)的纖維方向互(hu)相(xiang)垂(chui),又必須符合(he)對稱原則,因(yin)此(ci)它的總層(ceng)數(shu)(shu)必定是奇(qi)數(shu)(shu)。如(ru):三層(ceng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、五層(ceng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、七層(ceng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)等。奇(qi)數(shu)(shu)層(ceng)膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)彎(wan)曲(qu)時大(da)(da)的水平剪應力(li)作用在中心單板(ban)(ban)(ban)上,使(shi)其(qi)有較大(da)(da)的強度(du)(du)。偶數(shu)(shu)層(ceng)膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)彎(wan)曲(qu)時大(da)(da)的水平剪應力(li)作用在膠(jiao)層(ceng)上而不是作用在單板(ban)(ban)(ban)上,易使(shi)膠(jiao)層(ceng)破壞,降低了膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)強度(du)(du)。